Ruth Benedict was born in New York at 1887, and is anthropology Ph.D. of Columbia University, her famous work includes Race: Science and Politics, Patterns of Culture and The Chrysanthemum and the Sword. The Chrysanthemum and the Swords introduced the famous ideology of how American culture differs from Japanese culture because of the difference between shame culture and guilt culture. This controversial work is translated into 20 languages and is published worldwide.