<!doctype html public «-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en»> http-equiv=content-type> During the era of revolutions, the notion of federalism was renegotiated based on the experience of revolutionary upheaval. In a comparative study of historical transfer, the author shows the ways that the semantics of federalism circulated in transatlantic intellectual networks to be invoked and transformed in relation to conflicts in North America, Germany, France, and Switzerland.