<!doctype html public «-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en»> http-equiv=content-type> Is Europe’s religious history an exceptional case? Through its exclusionary form of voluntary membership, Christianity created a negative Other that demarcated it from pagan traditions. In this process, European Christianity invented a unique form of religious pluralism and religious tolerance. Helmut Zander analyzes the ways that this model shaped European religious history and its global impact in the context of European imperialism.