<!doctype html public «-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en»> http-equiv=content-type> This study undertakes a detailed examination of the critique of the Confucian orthodox school of hanxue put forth by a proponent of the Tongcheng erudite school. In his work Hanxue Shanadui, Fang Dongshu vehemently attacked the motivation and methods of classical scholars who concentrated on Han-period exegesis. In particular, his critique of Dai Zhen is presented in all of its ramifications and scientifically assessed from a neutral perspective.